RHIZOME DIGEST: 01.10.04

<br />RHIZOME DIGEST: January 10, 2004<br /><br />Content:<br /><br />+announcement+ <br />1. Oliver Ressler: information on exhibition &quot;Alternative Economics,<br />Alternative Societies&quot; in Lueneburg<br /><br />+opportunity+<br />2. Mark Tribe: Web Animation Workshop with Joshua Davis &amp; Mark Tribe<br />3. Camille Baker: [Fwd: email art project: call for submissions<br />Re:&lt;o&gt;&lt;o&gt;]<br />4. Joanna Lee: Position open: Director at Simon Fraser University<br /><br />+work+<br />5. Jo-Anne Green: Turbulence Commission: &quot;Stand By Your Guns&quot; by Jillian<br />Mcdonald<br />6. Christiane Paul: artport gate page January 04: Ken Perlin's<br />sketchbook<br /><br />+feature+ <br />7. Pete: Critical review of Virtual Art<br /><br />+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<br /><br />**RHIZOME NEEDS TO RAISE $27K BY FEBRUARY 1, 2004**<br /><br />Do you value Rhizome Digest? If so, consider making a contribution and<br />helping Rhizome.org to be self-sustaining. A contribution of $15 will<br />qualify you for a 10-20% discount in items in the New Museum of<br />Contemporary Art's Store,<br /><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.newmuseum.org/comersus/store/comersus_dynamicIndex.asp">http://www.newmuseum.org/comersus/store/comersus_dynamicIndex.asp</a> and a<br />donation of $50 will get you a funky Rhizome t-shirt designed by artist<br />Cary Peppermint. Send a check or money order to Rhizome.org, New Museum,<br />583 Broadway, New York, NY, 10012 or give securely and quickly online:<br /><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.rhizome.org/support/?digest0110">http://www.rhizome.org/support/?digest0110</a><br /><br />**BE AN ACTIVE ROOT**<br /><br />+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<br /><br />1.<br /><br />Date: 1.05.04 <br />From: Oliver Ressler (oliver.ressler@chello.at)<br />Subject: Fwd: information on exhibition &quot;Alternative Economics,<br />Alternative Societies&quot; in Lueneburg<br /><br />(for German and an image please scroll down)<br /><br />ALTERNATIVE ECONOMICS, ALTERNATIVE SOCIETIES<br /><br />A project by Oliver Ressler<br /><br />Kunstraum der Universitaet Lueneburg<br />Scharnhorststr.1, 21335 Lueneburg, Germany<br />opening: Thursday, 08.01.04, 8 pm<br /><a rel="nofollow" href="http://kunstraum.uni-lueneburg.de">http://kunstraum.uni-lueneburg.de</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.ressler.at">http://www.ressler.at</a><br />After the loss of a countermodel for capitalism - which socialism, in<br />its real, existing form had presented until its collapse -<br />alternative concepts for economic and social development are facing<br />difficulties at the beginning of the twenty-first century. In the<br />industrial nations, &quot;alternatives&quot; are only broadly discussed when<br />they do not question the existing power relations of the capitalist<br />system and representative democracies. Other socio-economic<br />approaches are, on the other hand, labeled utopian, devalued, and<br />excluded from serious discussion if even considered at all.<br /><br />In the framework of the theme-specific installation, &quot;Alternative<br />Economics, Alternative Societies,&quot; the focus is on diverse concepts,<br />models, and utopias for alternative economies and societies which all<br />share a rejection by the capitalist system of rule. For each concept,<br />an interview was carried out from which an English video was<br />produced. In the exhibition, these single-channel 20 to 37 minute<br />videos are each shown on a separate monitor thus forming the central<br />element of the artistic installation.<br /><br />The project presents alternative social and economic models such as<br />&quot;Inclusive Democracy&quot; from Takis Fotopoulos (GB/GR), &quot;Participatory<br />Economy&quot; from Michael Albert (U.S.A.), and &quot;Free Cooperation&quot; from<br />Christoph Spehr (G). Nancy Folbre (U.S.A.) speaks about her concept<br />of &quot;Caring Labor,&quot; and Marge Piercy (U.S.A.) discusses the<br />feminist-anarchist utopias of her social fantasies. As interesting<br />historical models, the workers' self-management in Yugoslavia in the<br />sixties and seventies are thematized in the exhibition by Todor<br />Kuljic (SCG) and the workers' collectives during the Spanish Civil<br />War (1936-38) by Salom=E9 Molt=F3 (E).<br /><br />Chosen for each video is one quotation significant for the<br />alternative model that it presents. The quote is placed directly on<br />the floor of the exhibition room as a several meter long text piece.<br />This floor lettering, made from adhesive film, leads exhibition<br />visitors directly to the corresponding videos, yet the quotes also<br />overlap one another and subdivide the room into different sections.<br /><br />The exhibition project will be continually expanded in the coming<br />years through further economic and social concepts. These form a<br />non-hierarchically arranged pool, which offers stimulus and<br />suggestions for contemplation of social alternatives and<br />possibilities for action.<br /><br />The installation &quot;Alternative Economics, Alternative Societies&quot; is<br />realized within the following exhibitions:<br /><br />Galerija Skuc, Ljubljana (SI), 30.10. - 23.11.03 (&quot;Alternative<br />Economics,…&quot;)<br /><br />Espace Forde, Geneve (CH), 06. - 19.12.03 (&quot;There is no Alternative&quot;)<br />Kunstraum der Universitat Luneburg (G), 08. - 16.01.04 (&quot;Alternative<br />Economics,…&quot;)<br />Transmediale.04, Berlin (G), 31.01. - 15.02.04 (&quot;fly utopia!&quot;)<br />O.K - Center for Contemporary Art, Linz (A), 11.03. - 02.05.04 (&quot;Open<br />House&quot;)<br />Wyspa Progress Foundation, Gdansk (PL), 01.05.04 - 30.07.04 (&quot;Health and<br />Safety&quot;)<br />Kunsthalle Exnergasse, Vienna (A), 16.06. - 24.07.04 (&quot;permanent<br />produktiv&quot;)<br />Sorlandets Kunstmuseum, Kristiansand (N), 06.07. - 15.08.04 (&quot;Detox<br />Tour&quot;)<br /><br />&quot;Alternative Economics, Alternative Societies&quot; is a project realized in<br />the framework of republicart (www.republicart.net), produced by Galerija<br />Skuc, Ljubljana and the Kunstraum der Universitat Luneburg.<br /><br />The project is supported by the EU-Program Culture 2000 and the BKA<br />section for the arts.<br />D e u t s c h :<br /><br />ALTERNATIVE ECONOMICS, ALTERNATIVE SOCIETIES<br />ein Projekt von Oliver Ressler<br /><br />Kunstraum der Universit=E4t L=FCneburg<br />Scharnhorststr.1, D-21335 L=FCneburg<br />Er=F6ffnung: Donnerstag, 08.01.04, 20 Uhr<br /><a rel="nofollow" href="http://kunstraum.uni-lueneburg.de">http://kunstraum.uni-lueneburg.de</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.ressler.at">http://www.ressler.at</a><br /><br />Nach dem Verlust eines Gegenmodells zum Kapitalismus - wie der real<br />existierende Sozialismus bis zu dessen Zusammenbruch eines bildete -<br />haben es zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts alternative Konzepte einer<br />=F6konomischen und gesellschaftlichen Entwicklung schwer.<br />&quot;Alternativen&quot;= werden in den Industriestaaten n=E4mlich nur dann<br />breiter diskutiert, wenn sie die bestehenden Machtverh=E4ltnisse im<br />kapitalistischen System= und in den repr=E4sentativen Demokratien nicht<br />in Frage stellen. Andere= sozio-=F6konomische Ans=E4tze werden hingegen<br />als utopisch bezeichnet, abgewertet und von einer ernsthaften<br />Auseinandersetzung ausgeschlossen, so sie =FCberhaupt wahrgenommen<br />werden.<br /><br />Im Rahmen der themenspezifischen Installation &quot;Alternative Economics,<br />Alternative Societies&quot; werden unterschiedliche Konzepte, Modelle und<br />Utopien f=FCr alternative =D6konomien und Gesellschaften fokussiert,<br />dere= n Gemeinsamkeit die Zur=FCckweisung des kapitalistischen<br />Herrschaftssystems ist. Zu jedem Konzept wurde ein Interview gef=FChrt,=<br />aus dem im Rahmen des Projekts jeweils ein Video in englischer Sprache<br />produziert wurde. Diese 20 bis 37 Minuten langen Einkanalvideos werden<br />in der Ausstellung auf getrennten Monitoren gezeigt und bilden die<br />zentralen Elemente der k=FCnstlerischen Installation.<br /><br />Im Rahmen des Projekts werden alternative Gesellschafts- und<br />=D6konomiemodelle wie &quot;Inclusive Democracy&quot; von Takis Fotopoulos<br />(GB/GR), &quot;Participatory Economy&quot; von Michael Albert (USA) und &quot;Freie<br />Kooperationen&quot; von Christoph Spehr (D) vorgestellt. Nancy Folbre (USA)<br />spricht =FCber ihr Konzept &quot;Caring Labor&quot;, Marge Piercy (USA) =FCber<br />die= feministisch-anarchistischen Utopien ihrer Social Fantasies. Als<br />interessante historische Modelle werden von Todor Kuljic (SCG) die<br />Arbeiterselbstverwaltung im Jugoslawien der 60er und 70er Jahre und von<br />Salom=E9 Molt=F3 (E) die Arbeiterkollektive w=E4hrend der Spanischen=<br />Revolution (1936-38) in der Ausstellung thematisiert.<br /><br />Aus jedem Video wird ein f=FCr das jeweilige alternative Modell<br />signifikantes Zitat ausgew=E4hlt und als mehrere Meter lange Textarbeit=<br />direkt auf dem Boden des Ausstellungsraumes angebracht. Diese mit<br />Klebefolien ausgef=FChrten Bodenbeschriftungen f=FChren die<br />AusstellungsbesucherInnen direkt zu den entsprechenden Videos,<br />=FCberschneiden einander aber auch und unterteilen den Raum in<br />unterschiedliche Segmente.<br /><br />Das Ausstellungsprojekt soll in den kommenden Jahren kontinuierlich um<br />weitere =F6konomische und gesellschaftliche Konzepte erweitert werden.<br />Diese bilden einen unhierarchisch gegliederten Pool, der Anregungen und<br />Vorschl=E4ge zum Nachdenken =FCber gesellschaftliche Alternativen und=<br />Handlungsm=F6glichkeiten anbietet.<br /><br />Die Installation &quot;Alternative Economics, Alternative Societies&quot; wird in<br />den folgenden Ausstellungen realisiert:<br /><br />Galerija Skuc, Ljubljana (SI), 30.10. - 23.11.2003 (&quot;Alternative<br />Economics,…&quot;)<br />Espace Forde, Gen=E8ve (CH), 06. - 19.12.2003 (&quot;There is no<br />Alternative&quot;)<br />Kunstraum der Universit=E4t L=FCneburg (D), 08. - 16.01.2004<br />(&quot;Alternative Economics,…&quot;)<br />Transmediale.04, Berlin (D), 31.01. - 15.02.04 (&quot;fly utopia!&quot;)<br />O.K - Center for Contemporary Art, Linz (A), 11.03. - 02.05.2004 (&quot;Open<br />House&quot;)<br />Wyspa Progress Foundation, Gdansk (PL), 01.05.04 - 30.07.04 (&quot;Health and<br />Safety&quot;)<br />Kunsthalle Exnergasse, Vienna (A), 16.06. - 24.07.04 (&quot;permanent<br />produktiv&quot;)<br />Sorlandets Kunstmuseum, Kristiansand (N), 06.07. - 15.08.04 (&quot;Detox<br />Tour&quot;)<br /><br />&quot;Alternative Economics, Alternative Societies&quot; ist ein Projekt, das im<br />Rahmen von republicart realisiert (www.republicart.net) und von der<br />Galerija Skuc, Ljubljana und dem Kunstraum der Universit=E4t L=FCneburg=<br /><br />produziert wird. Das Projekt wird unterst=FCtzt vom EU-Programm Kultur<br />2000 und der BKA-Kunstsektion.<br /><br />+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<br /><br />2.<br /><br />Date: 1.06.04<br />From: Mark Tribe (mt@rhizome.org)<br />Subject: Web Animation Workshop with Joshua Davis &amp; Mark Tribe<br /><br />Subject: Web Animation Workshop with Joshua Davis &amp; Mark Tribe<br /><br />Joshua Davis (<a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.joshuadavis.com">http://www.joshuadavis.com</a>) and Mark Tribe<br />(<a rel="nofollow" href="http://nothing.org">http://nothing.org</a>) are teaching a workshop on Web Animation for<br />Artists at Anderson Ranch this summer. Intended for artists with<br />intermediate to advance web skills, this workshop will combine an<br />introduction to the history and theory of net art with a focus on<br />ActionScript, the programming language built into Flash.<br /><br />Anderson Ranch Art Center is a non-profit visual arts community located<br />on a ranch near Aspen, Colorado in the Rocky Mountains. Each summer,<br />Anderson Ranch offers workshops on a range of subjects, including Art<br />History &amp; Critical Studies, Ceramics, Digital Imaging, Furniture &amp;<br />Woodworking, Painting &amp; Drawing, Photography and Sculpture. This is the<br />second time Joshua and Mark will teach this Web Animation Workshop at<br />Anderson Ranch.<br /><br />The workshop will take place June 28 - July 2 2004. For more information<br />and to register, call +1 970 923 3181 or go to:<br /><br /><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.andersonranch.org/workshops/">http://www.andersonranch.org/workshops/</a><br />index.cfm?Include=Digital%20Imaging&amp;EventID=856<br /><br />+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<br /><br />3.<br /><br />Date: 1.07.04 <br />From: Camille Baker (camib@telus.net)<br />Subject: [Fwd: email art project: call for submissions Re:&lt;o&gt;&lt;o&gt;]<br /> <br />—— Forwarded Message<br />Subject: email art project: call for submissions Re:&lt;o&gt;&lt;o&gt;<br />From: &quot;donato mancini&quot; (donatomancini@fivethreesix.com)<br />Date: Wed, December 24, 2003 5:39 pm<br />To: (crankmagazine@yahoo.ca)<br />Cc:<br /><br />Re:&lt;o&gt;&lt;o&gt;<br /><br />An e-mail art project.<br /><br />This e-mail is an invitation to collaborate in the project Re:&lt;o&gt;&lt;o&gt;<br />Re:&lt;o&gt;&lt;o&gt; is a project in progress first shown at the &quot;Comme des Congres<br />Gallery&quot; in Calgary, Alberta, Canada made up of a selection of pieces<br />from artists from around the world. This project is an investigation of<br />the possibilities of art creation using electronic-mail as a tool for<br />new artistic explorations. The selected pieces will be included in the<br />collection of e-mail art that will be presented at &quot;Access Artist Run<br />Center&quot; in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada from January 24 to<br />February 14, 2004.<br /><br />Submission Outline:<br /><br />We will accept: text abstractions, visual e-mail poetry, image and text<br />experimentations, e-mail essays, conceptual e-mail, neo-text, text<br />drawing, photographic e-mail-collage, digital images, etc. Keep in mind:<br />the structure of the e-mail, as the frame for your own experimentation.<br /><br />There is no specific theme. The artist has the freedom to choose the<br />subject, the elements, and the structure of the piece. However, there<br />are some guidelines.<br /><br />Guidelines:<br /><br />Do not attach any files to download. The artist can incorporate images<br />that will be visible on the e-mail structure but not downloadable files.<br /><br />Do not include sound or flash animations or any kind of media that will<br />require a computer to be presented, the e-mails will be shown printed on<br />paper out of the screen computer context.<br /><br />Deadline for submissions: January 20th, 2004.<br /><br />Send: send your e-mail-art-piece to: A@a–g.com or<br />albertoguedea@gmx.net with the subject: Re:PROJECT<br /><br />Alberto Guedea, Curator<br /><br />Access Artist Run Center.<br />www.access.rubyarts.org<br />www.a--g.com<br /><br />For further information contact Alberto Guedea at: A@a–g.com , or<br />Access Artist Run Center at: vaarc@telus.net<br /><br />Please forward this call to anyone you think may be interested.<br /> <br />+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<br /><br />4.<br /><br />Date: 1.08.04 <br />From: Joanna Lee (joannal@wmc.bc.ca)<br />Subject: Position open: Director at Simon Fraser University<br /><br />Director<br />School of Interactive Arts and Technology<br />Faculty of Applied Sciences, Simon Fraser University<br />Vancouver, Canada<br /><br />The Director will lead one of the newest and most dynamic schools in<br />Canada. He or she will help mold the future of a school that combines<br />arts and technology in an interdisciplinary setting. The School has the<br />goal to become an international leader in its field and the Director<br />will have the opportunity to take a major role in its continuing<br />development.<br /><br />The School of Interactive Arts and Technology has programs in<br />interaction design, performance and media art, art and design technology<br />and is developing new offerings in related emerging areas. The<br />successful candidate will have an accomplished record of scholarship and<br />teaching in at least one of these areas. He or she will have proven<br />leadership skills in an academic setting and have demonstrated<br />accomplishments in a collaborative environment. PhD or equivalent<br />required.<br /><br />Simon Fraser University is committed to principles of equity in<br />employment.<br /><br />If you are interested, submit your qualifications to Roger Welch or<br />Joanna Lee at:<br /><br />Western Management Consultants<br />Suite 2000-1188 West Georgia Street<br />Vancouver, British Columbia<br />V6E 4A3 Canada<br />Fax: 1-604-687-2315<br />Email: joannal@wmc.bc.ca<br /><br />+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<br /><br />5.<br /><br />Date: 1.05.04<br />From: Jo-Anne Green (jo@turbulence.org)<br />Subject: Turbulence Commission: &quot;Stand By Your Guns&quot; by Jillian Mcdonald<br /><br />FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE<br />January 5, 2004<br />Turbulence Commission: &quot;Stand By Your Guns&quot; by Jillian Mcdonald<br /><a rel="nofollow" href="http://turbulence.org/Works/mcdonald/">http://turbulence.org/Works/mcdonald/</a><br /><br />&gt;From movies/television and computer/video games to political posturing<br />and gangster rap, weapons have become as &quot;embedded&quot; in our everyday<br />lives as US journalists were in the military during the &quot;major combat&quot;<br />phase of the 2003 Iraq war. &quot;Stand By Your Guns&quot; confronts us with the<br />ubiquity of guns and how violent simulations translate into real life<br />shootings. It is an absurdist piece that both glorifies the weapon and<br />masquerades as an entertainment arcade.<br /><br />BIOGRAPHY<br /><br />Jillian Mcdonald is a Canadian performance and media artist who lives<br />and works in New York City. Her web projects include &quot;Things are Okay&quot;<br />and &quot;Home Like No Place&quot; which were produced in residency at Trinity<br />Square Video in Toronto, and La Chambre Blanche Gallery in Qu&#xE9;bec City.<br />&quot;Home Like No Place&quot; was featured at La Biennale de Montreal 2002. &quot;Me<br />and Billy Bob&quot; was launched in May 2003 and &quot;Ivy League&quot; is part of<br />StudioXX's Virtual Garden project. &quot;Advice Lounge,&quot; created in residency<br />at Videographe and featured at FCMM in Montreal, will be performed live<br />at Saskatoons Spasm New Media Festival in Spring 2004. Mcdonald<br />received a Canada Council for the Arts Grant for the creation of four<br />new media projects in 2003. Her projects have been featured at<br />Kanonmedia (Vienna), Emmedia (Calgary), Hive Projects (Toronto), Rhizome<br />(New York), Javamuseum, CIAC (Canada), DIAN (Germany), the Web Biennial<br />in Istanbul 2003, and the Centre d'Art Contemporain de Basse-Normandie.<br />Mcdonald teaches computer art at Pace University where she co-directs<br />the Pace Digital Gallery.<br /><br />For more information about Turbulence, please visit<br /><a rel="nofollow" href="http://turbulence.org">http://turbulence.org</a><br /><br />+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<br /><br />6.<br /><br />Date: 1.07.04<br />From: Christiane Paul (Christiane_Paul@WHITNEY.ORG)<br />Subject: artport gate page January 04: Ken Perlin's sketchbook<br /><br />artport gate page January 04<br />features<br />Pages from Ken Perlin's sketchbook<br /><a rel="nofollow" href="http://artport.whitney.org">http://artport.whitney.org</a><br /><br />This month artport features pages from Ken Perlin's &quot;sketchbook&quot; – 77<br />studies and applets that explore possibilities for virtual behaviors,<br />textures, interfaces and data visualizations. The applets include<br />&quot;kinetic sculptures&quot; that make animated characters emote; intuitive<br />design widgets; adventures in robot path planning; a simple<br />visualization tool for the topology of neuron connections in the human<br />brain; an idea for a zoomable web client for cell-phones; as well as a<br />&quot;Buckyballet.&quot;<br /><br />+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<br /><br />For $65 annually, Rhizome members can put their sites on a Linux<br />server, with a whopping 350MB disk storage space, 1GB data transfer per<br />month, catch-all email forwarding, daily web traffic stats, 1 FTP<br />account, and the capability to host your own domain name (or use<br /><a rel="nofollow" href="http://rhizome.net/your_account_name">http://rhizome.net/your_account_name</a>). PLUS, those who sign up for<br />Rhizome hosting before January 15, 2004 will receive a *FREE* domain<br />name for one year. And there is more, the hosted can take comfort in<br />knowing they're being active roots in the rhizome schema, helping the<br />.ORG self-sustain. Details at:<br /><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.broadspire.com/order/rhizome/freedomain.html">https://www.broadspire.com/order/rhizome/freedomain.html</a><br /><br />+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<br /><br />7.<br /><br />Date: 1.10.04<br />From: Pete (virtualart@culture.hu-berlin.de)<br />Subject: Critical review of Virtual Art<br /><br />This critical review of Grau's book on Virtual Art appeared recently in<br />INTELLIGENT AGENT written by Patrick Lichty.<br /><br /><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.intelligentagent.com">http://www.intelligentagent.com</a><br />&quot;…virtual image spaces of the computer… (are) not the revolutionary<br />innovation its protagonists are fond of interpreting it to be. The idea<br />of virtual reality only appears to be without a history; in fact, it<br />rests firmly on historical art traditions, which belong to a<br />discontinuous movement of seeking illusionary image spaces.&quot;<br />Grau, Virtual Art, p. 339<br /><br />In this statement, Oliver Grau sums up what is probably the most<br />significant contribution this book makes to the study of New Media Art.<br />With many instances of novel technologies, creative or otherwise,<br />proponents have asserted that current practices constitute the pinnacle<br />of human knowledge to date or represent a degree of novelty that<br />distances them from history. The examination of the historical context<br />of technological media, especially in the arts, has been scant to date.<br />In this book, Grau brings a refreshing perspective to the topic by<br />illustrating that the genre of immersive spaces has been actively<br />pursued since classical times, and, I might even argue, since the caves<br />of Lascaux were painted. This approach refutes the Fukuyama-esque<br />assertion that new media art is either separate from history or a<br />terminal point of the same. Conversely, Grau points to Adorno's<br />admonitions about placing contemporary art in a continuous history,<br />suggesting that there is nothing new under the sun. What needs to be<br />considered here are the points of difference in the sites throughout<br />history, and this is one of Grau's other points.<br /><br />Grau begins his analysis of immersive spaces throughout pre-modern times<br />at the Roman Villa Dei Misteri at Pompeii, an initiation site for the<br />sect of Bacchus, and moves on to Bismarck's commissioning of the grand<br />panorama of The Battle of Sedan, which was completed in 1883. From<br />Pompeii to Berlin, Grau constructs a narrative of the context of the<br />culture, politics, and representative function of the various spaces –<br />from the ecstatic to the devotional to the propagandistic – and reveals<br />how the various techniques of construction reflected the agendas of the<br />constructors. The idea that new technologies have largely served to<br />inscribe agendas of power upon the masses is not new, but used as an<br />analytical context for this subject from ancient Rome to today raises<br />important questions about the social function of immersive spaces.<br /><br />&gt;From Sedan, Grau takes a relatively brief sojourn through Modernist<br />immersive spaces, including Monet's panorama in Giverny, Prampolini's<br />polydimensional Futurism, Schwitters' Merz theatre, the Cineorama, the<br />Futurama, Heilig's famed Sensorama, leading up to the contemporary IMAX<br />theatre. In his (rather brief) exposition of these modern spaces of<br />immersion and illusion, there is a distinct shift from the panoramic<br />rendering to the expansion of the cinematic as space of illusion, and to<br />Sutherland's development of the Head-Mounted-Display, which brings the<br />reader to the contemporary era.<br /><br />To contextualize the issues of immersion in contemporary virtual works,<br />Grau considers numerous pieces of virtual art, including Davies' Osmose,<br />Benayoun's World Skin, Naimark's Be Now Here, as well as other spaces<br />that consider the role of immersion in the representation of identity,<br />the political, and the monumental. In many of these cases, such as<br />Shaw's Place 2000, and Benayoun's World Skin, the agendas of power are<br />translated quite clearly from antiquity. However, in the case of<br />Benayoun, this is done more subversively as the virtual 'photographers,'<br />in a direct metaphor taken from Marey's photographic gun, literally<br />create 'holes' in the landscape through their act of taking snapshots of<br />the landscape. Grau relates this metaphor once again and brings the<br />virtual into a historical context quite nicely while illustrating<br />contextual differences in the cultural and technological functions of<br />the work.<br /><br />The remaining segments consist of sections on telepresence and genetic<br />art, covering most notably Penny's Traces and Kac's GFP Bunny. Although<br />meticulously researched and well framed in the rubric of illusionism,<br />Grau falls victim to the fin-de-millennium tendency in new media<br />scholarship to be overly inclusive in light of a movement (i.e. New<br />Media) which is so chimeric and multifaceted as to make any<br />comprehensive analysis difficult at best. Although Grau does wonderfully<br />at making a case for the inclusion of the telepresent and the genetic in<br />his text, this seems to come at some cost to expansion on the rich<br />history of immersion in the 20th century. Likewise, the sociopolitical<br />analysis constructed in the pre-modern section shifts to a markedly<br />theoretical treatment in the postmodern era. Although this may be<br />indicative of the cultural framing of the periods involved, or the fact<br />that the book is a translation of a recent revision, I felt a desire to<br />read Grau's analysis of the differences between the pre- and postmodern<br />spaces of immersion; not for the purpose of merging current VR into a<br />unified historical discourse, but for examining the issues of difference<br />amongst the various installations, so one could see the continuities and<br />discontinuities between the various periods.<br /><br />Virtual Art is a landmark volume in that it is one of the first to begin<br />placing new media works into a historical framework with a sensitivity<br />to the shifts in expression that are evident from antiquity to the<br />present day. In an era that often considers history to be measured in<br />months or decades, Virtual Art lends a sense of perspective and insight<br />that is sorely needed in new media discourse. As a reference work, the<br />massive bibliography is truly impressive, and is worth the price of the<br />book in itself. However, if there were to be further incarnations of the<br />book, I would love to read more on Modern-era immersive spaces, and have<br />more comparative analysis between the pre- and postmodern while staying<br />firmly in the realm of VR and the panoramic.<br /><br />Perhaps I might seem a bit critical in places, but it is only because<br />the book held my attention for over three hundred pages over a period of<br />three months. Grau has created a volume that will likely be used as a<br />canonical text in the study of virtual reality for some years to come,<br />and will probably not gather much dust on my shelf, as it will be a<br />valuable resource in my further research of the past and present of<br />virtual reality. <br /><br />+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<br /><br />Rhizome.org is a 501©(3) nonprofit organization and an affiliate of<br />the New Museum of Contemporary Art.<br /><br />Rhizome Digest is supported by grants from The Charles Engelhard<br />Foundation, The Rockefeller Foundation, The Andy Warhol Foundation for<br />the Visual Arts, and with public funds from the New York State Council<br />on the Arts, a state agency.<br /><br />+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<br /><br />Rhizome Digest is filtered by Feisal Ahmad (feisal@rhizome.org). ISSN:<br />1525-9110. Volume 9, number 2. 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